Can we correct first metatarsal rotation and sesamoid position with the 3D Lapidus procedure?

OBJECTIVE: We examine the technique and radiographic outcomes obtained with triplanar first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis (3D Lapidus) for the surgical correction of hallux valgus (HV). This procedure, apart from correcting angular deformity 1st-2nd intermetatarsal angle, HV angle, etc., is specifically intended to act on first ray pronation and place the sesamoids in their normal position, to alleviate the metatarsalgia often occurring in HV before and after surgery, possibly caused by their abnormal position. This study aims to examine the radiographic outcomes of the 3D Lapidus procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 37 feet operated on from April 2019 to December 2019, with a minimum 1-year follow-up (mean 420 days), using the 3D Lapidus procedure. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The intermetatarsal angle decreased from a mean value of 16.42° to 5.62° (p < 0.0001). The HV angle decreased from a mean value of 32.12° to 8.05° (p < 0.0001). The preoperative first metatarsocuneiform angle, with a mean value of 21.86°, was null after arthrodesis (p < 0.0001). The tibial sesamoid position, according to the Hardy and Clapham classification, decreased from a mean value of 4.84 to 1.27 after surgery, within normality (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: Correction of the deformity in a single plane is generally insufficient. It is necessary to act on the three planes of space to correct the deformity, obtain good outcomes, and avoid recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic outcomes of triplanar correction with the 3D Lapidus procedure are excellent, achieving statistically significant differences in all parameters studied.

[Acquired flat foot of the adult by posterior tibial dysfunction. Options for surgical treatment]. / Pie plano adquirido del adulto por disfunción del tibial posterior. Opciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico.

We present the possible etiopatogenic causes of posterior tibial dysfunction or painful flat foot of the adult and the cause-and-effect relationship that may exist. We also expose the gradation of the lesion and the different therapeutic options for the surgical treatment of the deformity. Since 1939, multiple articles have been published, which have been endorsed by clinical, experimental, electromyographic and biomechanical studies; publications that have been consulted and evaluated for the development of this review. In our opinion: the dysfunction of the posterior tibial is caused in principle by a failure of the plantar navicular calcaneus ligament (spring ligament), the main passive stabilizer of the internal plantar arch. This failure would, in time, mean an increase in work of the posterior tibial tendon, in itself "insufficient", which would go into fatigue, until it reached a partial or total rupture. Published work on soft-part procedures acting on the posterior tibial tendon in stage II has not had the expected result in the natural history of deformity. Arthrodesis, on the other hand, has been effective in other stages, but is associated with a loss of movement dynamics in the back foot and increased pressure on adjacent joints.

Presentamos la posible causa etiopatogénica de la disfunción del tibial posterior o pie plano doloroso del adulto y la relación causa-efecto que puede existir. También exponemos la clasificación de la lesión y las diferentes opciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la deformidad. Desde 1939, múltiples artículos han sido publicados, avalados por la clínica, así como por estudios experimentales, electromiográficos y biomecánicos; publicaciones consultadas y evaluadas para el desarrollo de esta revisión, según nuestro criterio: el primum movens de la disfunción del tibial posterior es ocasionado por un fallo del ligamento en hamaca o calcáneo navicular plantar (spring ligament), principal estabilizador pasivo del arco plantar interno. Este fallo supondría en el tiempo un aumento de trabajo del tendón tibial posterior, de por sí "insuficiente", que entraría en fatiga hasta llegar a la rotura parcial o total. Los trabajos publicados en relación con los procedimientos de partes blandas que actúan sobre el tendón tibial posterior en el estadio II no han tenido el resultado esperado en la historia natural de la deformidad. La artrodesis por el contrario, ha sido efectiva en otros estadios, pero está asociada a una pérdida de la dinámica del movimiento en el retropié y a un aumento de la presión en las articulaciones adyacentes.

Secuelas graves de la cirugía del hallux valgus: opciones quirúrgicas para su tratamiento / Serious sequellae of the hallux valgus surgery: More options for its surgical treatment

Objetivo. Se expone un procedimiento para tratar las secuelas originadas por fracaso de técnicas correctoras del hallux valgus, que producen grave acortamiento del primer radio con metatarsalgia severa y dificultad para realizar el tercer rocker. Material y métodos. El trabajo, realizado en 2 hospitales de Madrid y Barcelona, analiza los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de 40 casos, en los que predomina el sexo femenino en un 97,5%. Técnicamente consiste en realizar una artrodesis metatarsofalángica, previa distracción ósea con un minifijador externo, y posteriormente interponer un injerto óseo de cresta ilíaca, estabilizándolo con una placa o con el mismo minifijador. Resultados. El acortamiento medio preoperatoriamente fue de 2,5 cm y el alargamiento obtenido osciló entre 1,5 y 3,0 cm. La integración ósea clínica y radiológica se consiguió a los 2-4 meses, manteniéndose esta al año de seguimiento. Para valorar los resultados, se aplicaron los criterios de Blauth y Falliner en periodos intermedios y al año de la cirugía, mediante la Escala Visual Analógica (VAS score/dolor, escala 1-10) que fueron favorables en un 80%, sin modificarse en el tiempo. La tasa de fracasos fue del 7,5%; cabe destacar la no integración del injerto y la infección, que requirieron cirugía adicional. Discusión. Hay escasas publicaciones sobre graves secuelas de la cirugía del hallux valgus, tampoco hay pautas establecidas al respecto, salvo la artrodesis convencional. El problema se plantea cuando el paciente presenta grave acortamiento con metatarsalgia severa y una artrodesis metatarsofalángica directa que agravaría el problema al acortar más el primer radio. En dichos casos nuestros procedimientos están indicados (AU)

Objective. The purpose of this study is to present a method for treating the serious consequences that result from failure of corrective techniques used for hallux valgus, which produces severe shortening of the first ray, and makes it difficult to perform the third rocker. Material and methods. In this study, conducted in 2 hospitals in Madrid and Barcelona, an assessment was made of the clinical and radiological results of 40 cases, of which 97.5% were female. Technically it involves making a metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis after bone distraction with an external mini-fixation, and then inserting an iliac crest bone graft, stabilising it with a plate or the mini-fixator. Results. The pre-operative shortening was 2.5 cm. and elongation obtained was between 1.5 and 3.0 cm. Clinical and radiological bone graft integration was achieved at 2-4 months, although full integration occurred after one year. Falliner and Blauth criteria were used to evaluate the results at 6 and 12 months follow-up, and using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS score/pain, scale 1-10), being favourable in 80%, and not changing over time. The failure rate was 7.5%, which included the non-integration of the graft and infection, requiring additional surgery. Discussion. There are not many publications on the number and type of complication for hallux valgus surgery, or guidelines established, only the treatment by conventional fusion. The problem arises when the patient presents a severe shortening of the ray, and direct fusion would aggravate the insufficiency of the first ray and the transference metatarsalgia. In these cases, these procedures would be indicated (AU)

Serious sequellae of the hallux valgus surgery: More options for its surgical treatment. / Secuelas graves de la cirugía del hallux valgus: opciones quirúrgicas para su tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present a method for treating the serious consequences that result from failure of corrective techniques used for hallux valgus, which produces severe shortening of the first ray, and makes it difficult to perform the third rocker. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, conducted in 2 hospitals in Madrid and Barcelona, an assessment was made of the clinical and radiological results of 40 cases, of which 97.5% were female. Technically it involves making a metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis after bone distraction with an external mini-fixation, and then inserting an iliac crest bone graft, stabilising it with a plate or the mini-fixator. RESULTS: The pre-operative shortening was 2.5cm. and elongation obtained was between 1.5 and 3.0cm. Clinical and radiological bone graft integration was achieved at 2-4 months, although full integration occurred after one year. Falliner and Blauth criteria were used to evaluate the results at 6 and 12 months follow-up, and using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS score/pain, scale 1-10), being favourable in 80%, and not changing over time. The failure rate was 7.5%, which included the non-integration of the graft and infection, requiring additional surgery. DISCUSSION: There are not many publications on the number and type of complication for hallux valgus surgery, or guidelines established, only the treatment by conventional fusion. The problem arises when the patient presents a severe shortening of the ray, and direct fusion would aggravate the insufficiency of the first ray and the transference metatarsalgia. In these cases, these procedures would be indicated.

[Disruption of anterointernal weight bearing: sequelae of surgical treatment of hallux valgus]. / Alteración del apoyo anterointerno como secuela del tratamiento quirúrgico del hallux valgus.

Sequelae of forefoot surgery range between 30 and 40%; the most frequent ones are transfer metatarsalgia and deformity relapse. Forefoot surgery complications disrupt biomechanics. Anterointernal weight bearing alteration is most frequent, due to involvement of the metatarsal, the phalanx or both. Metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis normalizes the length of the first ray and pressure transmission. The use of this technique has made it possible to confirm pain relief, as well as improved function and a better cosmetic result, which allows the patient to wear ormal footwear.

Complicaciones y secuelas generales de la cirugía del antepiéså / General complications and sequelae of forefoot surgery

Introducción. Las secuelas y complicaciones de la cirugíadel antepié oscilan entre el 30 y el 40%, siendo las más frecuentes la recidiva de la deformidad (25%), la metatarsalgia transferencial (34%), el dolor residual en la articualción metatarsofalángica(5%) y la rigidez en los dedos menores(10%).Conclusiones. El motivo de este trabajo ha sido ofrecer soluciones a estos graves problemas, y de alguna forma ayudar a que descienda en nuestro ámbito el porcentaje de complicaciones y secuelas, para disminuir, asimismo, el número de pacientes insatisfechos. Las complicaciones y secuelas no sólo se producen en la articulación metatarsofalángica y en el primer metatarsiano, sino en el resto de los radios y los dedos menores, que a veces son objeto de técnicas poco ortodoxas y dejan secuelas dolorosas muy invalidantes

Introduction. Sequelae and complications of forefoot surgery appear in around 30 to 40%, of cases; the most frequent ones are the recurrence of the deformity (25%), transfer metatarsalgia (34%), residual pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint (5%)and stiffness in the lesser toes (10%).Conclusions. We embarked on this study with a view to offering a solution to these serious problems and contributing to bringing down the amount of complications and sequelae found in our patients thereby increasing their level of satisfaction.Complications and sequelae not only occur in themetatarsophalangeal joint and in the first metatarsal, but they are also found in the lesser toes, which are sometimes approached with rather unorthodox techniques that can cause painful and highly disabling sequelae

Secuelas de la cirugía del antepié por conflicto del apoyo anterointerno / Sequelae of forefoot surgery resulting from the loss of anteromedial support

Introducción. Las complicaciones en la cirugía del antepié pueden tener orígenes diferentes: dérmicos, vasculares, tendinosos, etc. Las más frecuentes son aquellas que alteran la biomecánica del antepié y curan gran parte de las veces con secuelas de difícil reparación. Lesiones más frecuentes y tratamiento. La biomecánica se altera en la gran mayoría de los casos por yatrogenia, siendo los más frecuentes defectos de técnica o de indicación que alteran la fórmula metatarsal, la fórmula digital, la orientación de los radios o la mecánica articular. La más frecuentees la alteración del apoyo anterointerno, bien por afectación del metatarsiano, bien de la falange o bien de ambas. Aunque la sintomatología es la misma, la solución quirúrgica es diferente según la estructura que esté afectada. Artrodesis metatarso-falángica, artrolisis, osteotomías, etc. sonlos tratamientos que se indican, cuya finalidad será normalizar la biomecánica del antepié

Introduction. Complications of forefoot surgery may havedifferent origins: dermal, vascular, tendinous, etc. The most frequent ones are those that disrupt forefoot biomechanics and often lead to difficult-to-treat sequelae.Most frequent injuries and their treatment. The disruption of forefoot biomechanics is most often caused by iatrogeny. These errors, often related to the surgical technique used or to the indication of surgery itself, resulted in an alteration of themetatarsal formula, the toe formula, toe orientation or joint mechanics. The most frequent alteration however is the one related to anteromedial support, arising from the involvement of the metatarsal, the phalanx or of both structures. Although the symptoms are the same, the surgical solution will depend on the structure that has been affected. Indicated treatments include metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis, arthrolysis, osteotomy, etc. Their aim is to normalize forefoot biomechanics

Complicaciones y secuelas generales de la cirugía del antepié / General complications and sequelae of forefoot surgery

Introducción. Las secuelas y complicaciones de la cirugíadel antepié oscilan entre el 30 y el 40%, siendo las más frecuentes la recidiva de la deformidad (25%), la metatarsalgia transferencial (34%), el dolor residual en la articualción metatarsofalángica (5%) y la rigidez en los dedos menores (10%).Conclusiones. El motivo de este trabajo ha sido ofrecer soluciones a estos graves problemas, y de alguna forma ayudar a que descienda en nuestro ámbito el porcentaje de complicaciones y secuelas, para disminuir, asimismo, el número de pacientes insatisfechos. Las complicaciones y secuelas no sólo se producen en la articulación metatarsofalángica y en el primer metatarsiano, sino en el resto de los radios y los dedos menores, que a veces son objeto de técnicas poco ortodoxas y dejan secuelas dolorosas muy invalidantes

Introduction. Sequelae and complications of forefoot surgery appear in around 30 to 40%, of cases; the most frequent ones are the recurrence of the deformity (25%), transfer metatarsalgia (34%), residual pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint (5%) and stiffness in the lesser toes (10%).Conclusions. We embarked on this study with a view to offering a solution to these serious problems and contributing to bringing down the amount of complications and sequelae found in our patients thereby increasing their level of satisfaction.Complications and sequelae not only occur in themetatarsophalangeal joint and in the first metatarsal, but they are also found in the lesser toes, which are sometimes approached with rather unorthodox techniques that can cause painful and highly disabling sequelae

Secuelas de la cirugía del antepié por conflicto del apoyo anterointerno / Sequelae of forefoot surgery resulting from the loss of anteromedial support

Introducción. Las complicaciones en la cirugía del antepié pueden tener orígenes diferentes: dérmicos, vasculares, tendinosos, etc. Las más frecuentes son aquellas que alteran la biomecánica del antepié y curan gran parte de las veces con secuelas de difícil reparación.Lesiones más frecuentes y tratamiento. La biomecánica sealtera en la gran mayoría de los casos por yatrogenia, siendo los más frecuentes defectos de técnica o de indicación que alteran la fórmula metatarsal, la fórmula digital, la orientación de los radios o la mecánica articular. La más frecuente es la alteración del apoyo anterointerno, bien por afectación del metatarsiano, bien de la falange o bien de ambas. Aunque la sintomatología es la misma, la solución quirúrgicaes diferente según la estructura que esté afectada. Artrodesis metatarso-falángica, artrolisis, osteotomías, etc. son los tratamientos que se indican, cuya finalidad será normalizar la biomecánica del antepié

Introduction. Complications of forefoot surgery may havedifferent origins: dermal, vascular, tendinous, etc. The most frequent ones are those that disrupt forefoot biomechanics and often lead to difficult-to-treat sequelae.Most frequent injuries and their treatment. The disruption of forefoot biomechanics is most often caused by iatrogeny. These errors, often related to the surgical technique used or to the indication of surgery itself, resulted in an alteration of themetatarsal formula, the toe formula, toe orientation or joint mechanics. The most frequent alteration however is the one related to anteromedial support, arising from the involvement of the metatarsal, the phalanx or of both structures. Although the symptoms are the same, the surgical solution will depend on the structure that has been affected. Indicated treatments include metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis, arthrolysis, osteotomy,etc. Their aim is to normalize forefoot biomechanics

Artroplastia modular de tobillo / Modular ankle arthroplasty

La implantación de prótesis total de tobillo es hoy por hoy una indicación limitada a casos muy concretos, casos que dispongan de integridad osteoligamentaria suficiente para facilitar la estabilidad y movilidad del tobillo y no ser la prótesis la única responsable de la función articular. El conocimiento de los riesgos y la minuciosa planificación preoperatoria deben ser factores conocidos para lograr resultados satisfactorios. La mayoría de las actuales artroplastias totales de tobillo que se implantan han sido desarrolladas con tres componentes y diseñadas para ser colocadas con una mínima resección ósea, actuando fundamentalmente como prótesis de resuperficialización. Estas condiciones las reúnen las prótesis con componente intermedio móvil, cuyas versiones no cementadas, y cementada, permiten valorar en el mismo acto quirúrgico la calidad del hueso. Su implantación se realiza por vía anterior y la instrumentación es sencilla. Sin embargo, es recomendable hacer antes de su colocación algún tipo de implantación experimental. Los resultados que hemos obtenido en una primera serie del modelo Ramses® nos hacen ser optimistas en cuanto se refiere al futuro. No obstante, pensamos que estos modelos todavía deben ser mejorados tanto en su implantación primaria como para la revisión de aquellos casos que fracasen

Total ankle replacement (TAR) is currently a procedure used in a limited number of concrete cases. These cases must have sufficient bone and ligament integrity to allow ankle stability and mobility so that joint function is not solely dependent on the prosthesis. To obtain satisfactory results careful preoperative planning and risk assessment are necessary. Most current TARs have 3 components and have been designed to be placed with a minimum amount of bone resection: their main function is to act as a resurfacing prosthesis. These conditions are met by a prosthesis with a mobile intermediate component, which has cemented and non-cemented versions that allow for bone quality to be assessed during surgery. They are implanted using an anterior approach and instrumentation is simple. However, before performing this surgical procedure it is advisable to carry out some experimental implants. The results we obtained in our first series using the Ramses® model gave us reason to be optimistic about the future of this procedure. However, we believe that this model should be improved, both for use in primary TAR and in revisions of failed TAR (AU)

Osteoid osteoma of the hamate bone. Case report and review of the literature.

Osteoid osteoma is rarely located in the hamate. Only five similar cases have appeared in the international literature, and none have appeared in the Spanish literature. In a 15-year-old girl, the lesion was excised en bloc, and the defect was filled with a bone graft. Two and one-half years after the operation the patient was asymptomatic with normal mobility of the affected wrist.